Guidelines for Reducing AI Security Risks in Critical Infrastructure

As AI technologies become increasingly integral to essential services such as energy, transportation, and healthcare, including medical devices, addressing the security implications associated with their integration is crucial. The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) recently released a comprehensive playbook for safeguarding critical infrastructure (CISA, 2024), emphasizing the need for robust application security measures to reduce AI security risks.

The recent article "US Issues Stark Warning on AI Risks to Critical Infrastructure" by PYMNTS highlights the importance of securing AI systems against various risks (PYMNTS, 2024). This article provides a five steps for securing the AI software development lifecycle, ensuring that vulnerabilities are addressed for a secure software development lifecycle and critical services are protected.

How to Reduce AI Security Risks in Five Steps‍

1. Understanding Your AI Security Risks 
AI's integration into essential services brings both opportunities and challenges:

• Vulnerabilities in Software: AI systems are complex, relying on vast codebases that may harbor flaws, including those in human-generated or AI-generated code. Open-source components can introduce additional vulnerabilities (MITRE ATLAS, 2024).
• Dependence on Third-Party Libraries: Many AI systems rely on third-party libraries, which may not be secure. These libraries can serve as entry points for attackers to exploit (OWASP, 2024).
• Infrastructure Security: AI systems often operate on cloud infrastructures, which, despite advancements, remain susceptible to security threats. Ensuring the security of these infrastructures is essential.
• Ethical and Privacy Concerns: Using sensitive data to train AI models raises ethical concerns, particularly regarding intellectual property and privacy. Additionally, the potential for AI-generated content to be used maliciously, such as in phishing campaigns, is a growing concern (Desai, 2024).
• Operational Disruptions: An AI-enabled attack can disrupt critical sectors, affecting operational efficiency and public safety (PYMNTS, 2024).

2. Developing a Comprehensive Security Strategy Throughout the SDLC
To mitigate AI security risks, the following strategies should be employed:

Secure Development Lifecycle
‍Security must be integrated throughout the AI development lifecycle to ensure a secure SDLC compliance process:

• Code Review: All source code, including human-generated and AI-generated, should undergo thorough testing to identify vulnerabilities (OWASP, 2024).
• Automated Security Testing: Automated tools detect potential flaws in the source code and third-party libraries.
• Open-Source Component Testing: Assess third-party libraries and open-source components for known vulnerabilities and ensure they are regularly updated.
• DevSecOps: Incorporate security checks into the CI/CD pipeline to identify and address vulnerabilities promptly.
  

SBOM and Provenance Verification
‍Maintaining a software bill of materials (SBOM) helps track components used in AI systems:

• Provenance Verification:  Ensures that third-party libraries and open-source components are from legitimate sources and have not been tampered with.
• Vulnerability Monitoring: Regularly update the SBOM and monitor for known vulnerabilities, taking action to patch or replace affected components.

3. Infrastructure Security
‍Secure the cloud infrastructure AI systems operate on:

• Access Controls: Implement multi-factor authentication and role-based access controls to limit access to sensitive systems.
• Network Security: Secure network communications using encryption, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems.
• Monitoring and Logging: Continuously monitor infrastructure for signs of malicious activity and log all access and system events.

4. Ethical and Privacy Considerations
Ensure these ethical and privacy concerns are addressed:

• Data Governance: Enforce policies to protect sensitive information used to train AI models (Desai, 2024).
• Privacy Policies: Establish policies for handling personally identifiable information (PII) and ensuring compliance with privacy regulations.
• Transparent Practices: Communicate the ethical considerations and privacy protections to stakeholders and customers.

5. Collaborative Defense
‍Foster collaboration across sectors to secure essential services:

• Cross-Sector Communication: Establish communication channels between sectors to share threat intelligence and security best practices.
• Public-Private Partnerships: Work with government agencies, industry groups, and private companies to create unified defenses against AI-related threats (CISA, 2024).
• Incident Response Plans: Develop and maintain incident response plans encompassing all stakeholders, ensuring a swift and coordinated response to security incidents.

6. AI Security Frameworks
‍Incorporate industry standards and frameworks for a comprehensive approach:

• MITRE ATLAS: Provides an adversarial tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) framework tailored explicitly for AI systems (MITRE ATLAS, 2024).
• OWASP Top 10 for LLMs: This list offers guidelines for managing vulnerabilities in large language models (LLMs) and ensures secure development and deployment practices (OWASP, 2024).

As AI technologies continue to integrate into essential services, addressing the security challenges they pose is vital. By following the five steps outlined above and incorporating security measures throughout the AI SDLC process, we can mitigate AI security risks and protect our critical infrastructure. Collaboration across sectors, secure coding practices, and comprehensive monitoring are vital to safeguarding corporate assets from AI-related threats. 

Kodem Helps to Safeguard Critical Infrastructure 

‍The Kodem platform reduces AI security risks by focusing on critical defenses at runtime. These defenses include rigorous testing of open-source components, implementing code signing, using SBOMs, and continuously monitoring for vulnerabilities. This approach helps to avoid potential security threats and ensures robust protection for AI systems. 
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References

CISA. (2024). Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency.
Desai, A. (2024). Schellman.
MITRE ATLAS. (2024). MITRE Corporation.
OWASP. (2024). Open Web Application Security Project.

• PYMNTS. (2024). "US Issues Stark Warning on AI Risks to Critical Infrastructure".